古代翻译和现代翻译都有哪些异同点?
翻译这个行业并不是近些年才兴起的一个职业,在几百年前就有了翻译这一职业。虽然说是不同的时代背景,但是同样作为翻译,却具备很多的异同点,下面北京翻译公司详细为大家介绍:
Translation is not a profession that has just sprung up in recent years. It was a profession hundreds of years ago. Although it is said that different times background, but also as a translation, but with many similarities and differences, the following Beijing Translation Company for you to introduce in detail:
首先,我们先说古代翻译和现代翻译的共通之处。毫无疑问,我们都必须得承认,要做好翻译,实际上最为基础的一个要求就是,这个人,他必须得是具备两种,乃至两种以上的语言知识的人士。因为,翻译嘛,无论在哪个时代之中,都是沟通具有两种不同语言的地区,以及该地区的人民的一种职业,不同时懂得两个地区的语言,那么从最基础的资格上面,就没有达标。
First of all, let's start with the similarities between ancient translation and modern translation. Undoubtedly, we must all admit that in order to translate well, in fact, one of the most basic requirements is that this person, he must have two or more language knowledge of the people. Because translation, no matter in which era, is the communication of two different languages in the region, and the people of the region is a profession, not at the same time understand the language of the two regions, then from the most basic qualifications, there is no standard.
再来,实际上,无论是几百年前,还是几百年后,翻译这个职业,能做好的,无一不是在情商上面较之常人更为高的一群人。现代好说,很多高端的翻译,优势是高端的口译活动——譬如国家领导人翻译团队,这一明星翻译团队,我们可以很轻易的发现,实际上,嫩够资格进入那个团队范畴内的翻译们,无一不是不但翻译水准过硬,且个人素质——包括临场应变能力,包括抗压能力,包括个人道德品质,也包括人际交往能力……等等,一系列的看似不关紧要,实际上组合起来绝对能成为翻译界一大杀器的各种能力,实际上都是直接和该位翻译的情商挂钩的,很多时候,即使不能说是两者等同于一个东西,但也绝对在很大比例上,计算公式是相同的。
Moreover, in fact, whether hundreds of years ago, or hundreds of years later, the translation profession, can do a good job, all are in the emotional quotient higher than the average group of people. In modern times, many high-end translators have the advantage of high-end interpreting activities --- such as the National Leaders'Translation Team, a star translator team, we can easily find that, in fact, all the translators who are not qualified for that team are not only good translators, but also their personal qualities. Including on-the-spot adaptability, including stress tolerance, including personal moral qualities, also including interpersonal skills... And so on, a series of seemingly insignificant abilities that, in fact, can absolutely become a killer in translation are all directly related to the translator's EQ. Many times, even though they are not equivalent to one thing, they are absolutely the same in a large proportion.
而笔者上述的,还仅仅是现代社会中的情商在优秀翻译们身上的体现。咱们再看一看情商之于古代翻译们的重大作用。老实说,在笔者看来,请上这个东西,对于现代翻译们重要,但对于古代翻译们,那就不仅仅是重要的程度,而是非常极其的重要了——甚至可以说是,上升到一种古代翻译改必须具备的素质的程度上。而笔者为什么这么说呢,重要原因在于,中国古代和中国现代最为重要的一点不同是,当古代翻译的委托人,权力重到一种程度,甚至这位翻译委托人,干脆就是中国权力金字塔的巅峰——皇上之时,实际上一旦翻译的情商不够,冒犯了一些上位者的忌讳,那么,是很有可能会直接丢掉自己宝贵的生命的。而这,放在现代翻译社会中就会好上许多,当然,不排除某些翻译在翻译过程中犯了不可饶恕的大错,有可能会得到来自法律的一些惩罚。
The above is just the embodiment of the EQ in the modern society. Let's take a look at the important role of EQ in ancient translation. To be honest, in my opinion, it is important for modern translators, but for ancient translators, it is not only important, but also extremely important - even to the extent that it is necessary for an ancient translation reform. The main reason why I say this is that the most important difference between ancient China and modern China is that when the client of ancient translation, power, or even the client of translation, is simply the peak of China's power pyramid - the emperor, in fact, once the translation of EQ is not. Enough, offending the taboos of some superiors, then, it is very likely to lose their precious lives directly. This, in modern translation society, will be much better, of course, does not exclude some translation in the process of making unforgivable mistakes, may be some punishment from the law.
而且,古代翻译有时还会承担出使他国的任务——如我们都知道的张骞,在古代那种社会环境中,那时的出使和我们现在的国际交流是非常不同的,因为现在很少会因为两国政治上面的不和,直接对出使人员做出危及其生命的举动,而在古代那个大多数国家、乃至部落,都某一权力者至上,杀人是很正常的一种行为之时,翻译的生命,很大程度上得靠自己的高情商来保证。
Moreover, ancient translators sometimes took on the task of bringing other countries to China, as we all know Zhang Qian, in an ancient social environment, the ambassadors at that time were very different from the international exchanges we have now, because nowadays very few of them would directly endanger the lives of the emissaries because of political discord between the two countries. Actions, while in ancient times most countries, even tribes, have a certain power supremacy, killing is a very normal behavior, the translation of life, to a large extent, depends on their own high EQ to ensure.
因此,综上所述,笔者以为,无论是古代还是现代,翻译们都应当具备的一种表面上可能不太重要,但实质上非常重要的因素,那就是超过一般人水准的高情商。
Therefore, in conclusion, the author believes that, whether ancient or modern, translators should have a seemingly unimportant, but essentially very important factor, that is, beyond the average level of high EQ.
咱们再来说说古代翻译和现代翻译不同的地方。实际上,在上面笔者就已经提到了一些,现在,咱们再详细的谈论一番。在笔者自己看来,古代翻译和现代翻译,一个比较大的不同之处在于,现代的翻译,大多数都是纯粹的翻译,即除了翻译这个本质工作之外,很多事情都不用参与、也没法儿参与其中的一类工种。当然,我们并不排除全球范围内,也有不少将翻译这份职业做到了极致,让自己不但承担起了翻译的职责,还本身就成为了翻译过程中的决策者的翻译。但不可否认,现代翻译,至少有百分之八九十的比例,都仅仅承担了单一的翻译这份职业。而古代翻译,则和现代翻译正好相反,虽然有大约百分之五十的可能性是担当随从人员,但还有另外的百分之五十的可能性,则是那名翻译,还得承担起其他的职责,这种职责,可能是外交大使,也可能是当地的向导——这两种情况都极为的常见。就譬如张骞,他在出使西域之时,不但担当了翻译的职业,实际上还同时承担了商队护卫,以及商队向导等等多重身份。而这,在分工极为明确的现代,实际上是不太可能的。
Let's talk about the differences between ancient translation and modern translation. Actually, I have mentioned some of them above. Now, let's talk about it in detail. In my opinion, one of the major differences between ancient translation and modern translation is that modern translation is mostly pure translation, that is, besides the essential work of translation, many things need not be involved in, and can not be involved in one of the types of work. Of course, we do not exclude the global scope, there are many translation profession to the extreme, so that they not only assume the responsibility of translation, but also become the translation of decision makers in the process of translation. However, it is undeniable that modern translation, at least 80% to 90% of the total, only assumes the sole profession of translation. Ancient translation, on the contrary to modern translation, is about 50% likely to be an attendant, but there is another 50% chance that the interpreter will have to take on other duties, either as a diplomatic ambassador or as a local guide. The situation is extremely common. For example, Zhang Qian, when he was on a mission to the Western Regions, not only took on the profession of translator, in fact, also took on the caravan guard, as well as caravan guide and so on multiple identities. This is not possible in the modern age where the division of labor is very clear.
再来,是古代翻译和现代翻译极为不同的灵一点,那就是实际上古代翻译,常常是需要为了自己的这份职业出生入死,冒着极大的生命安全的,而现代的翻译,只要你不想着自己犯罪,出卖翻译委托人的商业机密,基本上很少有可能性会摊上一些会对自己的利益造成不好的影响的大事儿,更魔体直接危及到自己的生命了。而造成这种不同的最为根本的原因就在于,时代背景不同,以及在此之下的,时代的制度不同——如今,是个民主的时代,以往的那种独裁制度,在现今虽然还可能在地球的某个角落存在,但在中国这样已经经过了彻底的改革的国家,则是基本上不可能的了。所以,人的生命的价值,凌驾于许多事情之上——这里,不但指国内的翻译,同样也指代国际之间的翻译交流。
What's more, ancient translation is very different from modern translation, that is, in fact, ancient translation is often necessary for the sake of their own profession born and died, risking great safety of life, and modern translation, as long as you do not think of their own crime, sell the business secrets of the client, basically very little. Possibilities will spread out some of the major events that will have a negative impact on their own interests, and the demon directly endangers their lives. And the most fundamental reason for this difference is that, in different times, and in this context, the system of the times is different - now, it is a democratic era, the dictatorship of the past, although it may still exist in some corner of the earth today, but in China so has undergone a thorough reform. The country is basically impossible. Therefore, the value of human life is above many things - here, not only refers to domestic translation, but also refers to international translation exchanges.
以上就是北京翻译公司为大家介绍的现代翻译和古代翻译的一些异同点,希望大家对翻译这一行业有个更深入的了解。
These are the similarities and differences between modern translation and ancient translation introduced by Beijing Translation Company. I hope you will have a deeper understanding of the translation industry.
Decorated Text Page (Book of Exodus) from the Rothschild Pentateuch, France and/or Germany, 1296COURTESY OF THE GETTY MUSEUM